Everything about Drunkenness totally explained
Drunkenness is the state of being intoxicated by consumption of
alcohol to a degree that mental and physical faculties are noticeably impaired. Common symptoms may include slurred speech, impaired balance, poor coordination, flushed face, reddened eyes, reduced
inhibition, hiccupping and uncharacteristic behavior. Drunkenness can result in temporary experience of a wide range of emotion, ranging from anger, sadness, and depression to euphoria, lightheartedness and joviality. Additionally, consuming excessive amounts of alcohol may lead to a
hangover the next day.
Law
Laws on drunkenness vary between countries. In the
United States, for example, it's commonly a minor offense (
misdemeanor) for an individual to be so intoxicated in a public place that he or she's unable to care for his or her own safety or the safety of others. This degree of intoxication is considerably higher than the standard for
driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs ("
drunk driving"), which commonly requires intoxication to the degree that mental and physical faculties are impaired. In the
United States,
United Kingdom,
Mexico,
New Zealand,
Republic of Ireland and
Canada, this is legally defined as a
blood alcohol content (BAC) of 0.08% or greater for operating a
motor vehicle. In countries such as
Australia and
Portugal, the BAC limit is lower at 0.05%. Additionally, the U.S.
Federal Aviation Administration prohibits pilots from operating aircraft with any BAC greater than 0.04%, or operating an aircraft within 8 hours of consuming an alcoholic beverage.
In the
United Kingdom and
United States, police have powers to arrest those deemed too intoxicated in a public place for being "
drunk and disorderly" or even "drunk and incapable".
There are often many legal restrictions relating to sale and supply of alcohol, and particularly relating to those persons under 18 years of age (19 or 21 in some
jurisdictions) or to somebody who is already intoxicated. However in some countries such as Austria, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Denmark, customers can buy alcoholic drinks such as beer, cider or wine from the age of 16 years, although not spirits. Germany, as of January 1st 2008 requires that individuals be 18 years of age or older to consume beer, wine, and spirits.
Religious views
Many religious groups permit the consumption of alcohol but prohibit intoxication. Some prohibit alcohol consumption altogether. In the
Qur'an, there's a prohibition on the consumption of grape-based alcoholic beverages, and intoxication is considered as an abomination in the
Qur'an and
Hadith. Islamic schools of law (
Madh'hab) have interpreted this as a strict prohibition of the consumption of all types of alcohol.
Many
Protestant Christian denominations prohibit drunkenness due to the Biblical passages condemning it (for instance,
Proverbs 23:21, Isa. 28:1, Hab. 2:15) but many allow moderate use of alcohol (see
Christianity and alcohol).
Folklore
It has often been said that drunkenness helps people to avoid injury from
trauma, or as commonly said, "God watches over drunks and small children". According to a translation of the 4th century B.C.
Taoist philosopher
Zhuangzi,
A drunken man who falls out of a cart, though he may suffer, doesn't die. His bones are the same as other people's, but he meets his accident in a different way. His spirit is in a condition of security. He isn't conscious of riding in the cart; neither is he conscious of falling out of it. Ideas of life, death, fear, etc., can't penetrate his breast; and so he doesn't fear from contact with objective existences. And if such security is to be got from wine, how much more is it to got from God? It is in God that the Sage seeks his refuge, and so he's free from harm.
Further Information
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